Nepal is home to an avid diversity of flora and fauna, which range from the lowlands of Terai to the Himalayan mountains. Each bio-zone host's multiple ecosystems, which are called home by thousands of species of birds, mammals, reptiles and amphibians. Nepal’s natural beauty has always been its pride and conserving it has always been a top priority. Thus under the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act, 2020 (1973AD), the government of Nepal created the guidelines to declare and maintain National Parks, Conservation Areas, and Hunting Reserves.
Chitwan National Park
Sagarmatha National Park
Langtang National Park
Rara National Park
Today the protected areas of Nepal cover mainly forests and are located at various altitudes in the Terai, as well as in the foothills of the Himalayas and the mountains themselves. Nepal even though is small in terms of area size covering only 147,181 sq km. The altitudes range from 67 m to 8,848m. This extreme altitudinal gradient has resulted in 11 bio-climatic zones ranging from lower tropical below 500m to nival above 5,000m in the High Himalayas encompassing nine terrestrial ecoregions with 36 vegetation types. The government of Nepal under the National Park and Wildlife Conservation Act, 2020(1973AD) established a total of 12 National Parks, 1 Wildlife Reserves, 6 conservation Areas and 1 Hunting Reserve. In 2017, the Shuklpahanta and Parsa Wildlife Reserves were upgraded into National Parks.
In this series of articles, we explore the various National Parks, their level of accessibility and attractions.
Chitwan National Park
Province: 03
Distance From Kathmandu: 170 Km
Accessibility: Deluxe Buses Available from multiple Bus Hubs in Kathmandu, Domestic Airlines offer direct flights from Pokhara and Kathmandu to Bharatpur
Attractions: Bird Watch, Natural Escape, Experiencing Tharu and Maithali Culture, Bishazari Tal ( Ramsar Site), CG Ashram, Jungle Safari, Wildlife Encounters, Wildlife Photography
Season: October to March ( Best siting of the wildlife is from January to March)
Chitwan National Park is the first national park in Nepal. It was established in 1973 and granted the status of a World Heritage Site in 1984 AD. It covers an area of 952.63 km2 (367.81 sq mi) and is located in the subtropical Inner Terai lowlands of south-central Nepal in the districts of Nawalpur, Parsa, Chitwan and Makwanpur. In altitude, it ranges from about 100 m (330 ft) in the river valleys to 815 m (2,674 ft) in the Churia Hills.
In the north and west of the protected area, the Narayani-Rapti river system forms a natural boundary to human settlements. Adjacent to the east of Chitwan National Park is Parsa National Park, contiguous in the south is the Indian Tiger Reserve Valmiki National Park. The coherent protected area of 2,075 km2 (801 sq mi) represents the Tiger Conservation Unit (TCU) Chitwan-Parsa-Valmiki, which covers a 3,549 km2 (1,370 sq mi) huge block of alluvial grasslands and subtropical moist deciduous forests.
Sagarmatha National Park
Province: 01
Distance From Kathmandu: 137 km
Accessibility: By Air, one can get flights to Tenzing - Hilary Airport at Lukla from Kathmandu, By road one can catch a bus to Jiri and trek to Sagarmatha National Park which is approximately a 10-day trek. One can also take the bus to Salleri and trek to Sagarmatha National Park which is a 5 days trek. Charter helicopters to Lukla are catered by multiple air groups as well.
Attractions: Mt Everest, Ama Dablam, The Gokyo Complex, Tengboche Monastery, Kala Pathar, Landscape Photography, Experiencing Sherpa Culture, Wildlife Photography.
Sagarmāthā National Park is a national park in the Himalayas of eastern Nepal that is dominated by Mount Everest. It encompasses an area of 1,148 km2 (443 sq mi) in the Solukhumbu District and ranges in elevation from 2,845 to 8,848 m (9,334 to 29,029 ft) at the summit of Mount Everest. In the north, it shares the international border with the Qomolangma National Nature Preserve of Tibet. In the east, it is adjacent to Makalu Barun National Park, and in the south, it extends to Dudh Kosi river.] It is part of the Sacred Himalayan Landscape.
Langtang National Park
Province: 03
Distance From Kathmandu: 30 km
Accessibility: The Langtang Valley Trek begins from Syabrubesi which one can reach via a local or privately hired bus or jeep in 9 - 10 hours from Kathmandu.
Season to Avoid: Monsoon ( June- August)
Attractions: Gosaikunda Lake, Experience Tamang and Gurung Culture, Landscape Photography, Lantang Lirung Range, Sacred Ganesh Himal, Ganja La Pass, Kyanjin Gompa
Langtang National Park was established in 1976 as Nepal's first Himalayan national park and the country's fourth protected area. It exceeds an altitudinal range of 6,450 m (21,160 ft) and covers an area of 1,710 km2 (660 sq mi) in the Nuwakot, Rasuwa and Sindhulpalchok Districts of the central Himalayan region encompassing 26 village communities. In the north and east, it is linked with Qomolangma National Nature Preserve in Tibet. The western boundary follows the Bhote Kosi and Trishuli Rivers. The southern border lies 32 km (20 mi) north of the Kathmandu Valley.
The high altitude sacred Gosainkunda lake is located at an altitude of 4,300 m (14,100 ft) inside the park. The Dorje Lakpa range at 6,988 m (22,927 ft) bisects the park from the west-east to south-east. The summit of Langtang Lirung (7,245 m (23,770 ft)) is the highest point in the park.
Rara National Park
Province: 06
Distance From Kathmandu: 375 km
Accessibility: To reach Rara region by air one must take a flight to Nepalgunj, and then from Nepalgunj to Jumla or Talcha (Rara) Airport. From the town of Jumla, it’s a 2-day trek to the National Park whereas from Talca Airport it’s a mere few hours walk to Rara National Park.
Attractions: Rala Lake, Juniper Forest, Landscape Photography, Wildlife Encounters, Bird Watching
Season: Spring, Summer and Autumn. Rara region can also be traversed in the winters but he uncertainty of the weather, low temperatures make the trip a little more difficult than normal.
Rara National Park is a protected area in the Himalayas of Nepal and was established in 1976. Covering an area of 106 km2 (41 sq mi) in the Mugu and Jumla districts, it is the country's smallest national park. Its main feature is Rara Lake at an altitude of 2,990 m (9,810 ft).[1] The park was established to protect the unique flora and fauna of the Humla–Jumla Region of Nepal.
The park ranges in elevation from 2,800 m (9,200 ft) to 4,039 m (13,251 ft) at Chuchemara Peak on the southern side of Rara Lake. On the northern side, the peaks of Ruma Kand and Malika Kand frame the alpine freshwater lake, which is the largest lake in Nepal with a surface of 10.8 km2 (4.2 sq mi) and a maximum depth of 167 m (548 ft). It is oval-shaped with an east-west axis, a length of 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) and a width of 3 km (1.9 mi) draining into the Mugu-Karnali River via Nijar Khola.