Exploring the Pashupatinath Area: Insights and Recommendations
Whether you're looking to connect with your spiritual side, immerse yourself in Nepali culture, or simply take in the beauty of this breathtaking region, the Pashupatinath area has something for everyone. So sit back, relax, and let us be your guide as we explore the best that this unique corner of Nepal has to offer.
Nepal's Pashupatinath area is a spiritual hub, drawing visitors from all corners of the world to its sacred sites, including the revered Pashupatinath Temple. As a result, the area is also home to a number of hotels and accommodations, offering travelers the chance to fully immerse themselves in this unique cultural experience.
In this article, we'll provide you with insights and recommendations to help you make the most of your visit to the Pashupatinath area. We've talked to locals, scoured travel blogs, and pulled from our own experiences to compile a comprehensive guide for anyone planning to explore this vibrant and spiritual corner of Nepal.
Historical Insight
The Pashupatinath area has a rich and complex history, dating back centuries to the dawn of Hinduism and Buddhism in Nepal. The region has long been considered one of the most important spiritual centers in the country, and its influence can be felt throughout Nepali culture and society.
One of the most significant landmarks in the area is the Pashupatinath Temple, which is believed to have been built in the 5th century CE. The temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva, one of the three most important Hindu deities, and is considered one of the most sacred Hindu temples in the world. The temple's architecture and design reflect the ancient Nepali and Indian styles that were popular at the time of its construction.
Over the centuries, the Pashupatinath Temple has undergone numerous renovations and additions, as well as periods of neglect and disrepair. Despite these challenges, the temple has remained a vital center of religious and cultural life in Nepal, drawing devotees and visitors from around the world.
In addition to the Pashupatinath Temple, the area is also home to a number of other important religious sites, including the Guhyeshwari Temple and the Dakshinkali Temple. These temples are dedicated to a variety of deities and have their own unique histories and traditions.
Outside of its religious significance, the Pashupatinath area has played an important role in Nepal's political and social history as well. The area was once the site of important royal ceremonies and festivals, and was even used as a venue for public executions during certain periods of Nepali history.
he Pashupatinath area in Nepal offers a wealth of cultural and religious experiences for travelers to explore. Here are some recommendations for things to do and see in the region:
Take a guided tour: To truly appreciate the history and significance of the Pashupatinath area, consider taking a guided tour facilitated via our Travel Desk with a knowledgeable local guide. You'll learn about the complex religious and cultural traditions of the region, and gain insights into the historical significance of the temples, shrines, and other landmarks in the area. A guided tour can also help you avoid getting lost or missing important sites, and can provide helpful context and background for your visit.
2. Visit the nearby Boudhanath Stupa: This ancient Buddhist stupa is located just a short distance from the Pashupatinath area, and is another important pilgrimage site in Nepal. Explore the complex, which includes numerous monasteries and temples, and take in the serene atmosphere.
3. Take a stroll through the Pashupati Nath Forest: Just a short distance from the Pashupatinath Temple is the beautiful Pashupati Nath Forest, a peaceful and serene area that provides a welcome respite from the hustle and bustle of the city. The forest is home to a variety of flora and fauna, and is a popular spot for picnics and relaxing walks. Take a leisurely stroll through the forest and enjoy the natural beauty of the area, or simply find a quiet spot to sit and meditate. The Pashupati Nath Forest is a hidden gem of the region, and is well worth a visit.
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When In Bhaktapur...
As you make your way through the winding streets of Bhaktapur, you can feel the city's ancient history and rich culture seeping through every corner.
Bhaktapur is a city in Nepal that is known for its stunning architecture, intricate carvings, and traditional Newari culture. If you're a history buff or simply enjoy exploring new cultures, then Bhaktapur is a must-visit destination.
Brief History
Bhaktapur is an ancient city in Nepal with a fascinating history that dates back to the 12th century. At that time, the city was known as "Khawokti" and was ruled by the Malla dynasty. It was a vibrant hub of trade, art, and culture, and the people of the city took great pride in their architecture, crafts, and traditions. They built stunning temples, palaces, and buildings that showcased their unique Newari style, and the city flourished for centuries. Over time, the city's name changed to "Bhaktapur," which means "City of Devotees," reflecting the deep religious beliefs of the people. However, in the 18th century, the city fell under the rule of the Gorkha kingdom, and its power and influence began to decline. Despite this, the people of Bhaktapur have preserved their rich history and culture, and the city remains a testament to their enduring spirit and creativity.
It is a city with a rich cultural heritage that reflects the many different ethnic groups that call it home. The people of the city are proud of their diverse roots, which have contributed to the unique character of the place. The Newars are the largest ethnic group in Bhaktapur and have a distinct culture and language. They are renowned for their artistic skills, especially in wood and metal crafts, pottery, and cooking delicious local cuisine. Besides the Newars, other ethnic groups such as the Brahmins, Chhetris, Tamangs, and Dalits also live in Bhaktapur. Each group has its own distinct customs, traditions, and way of life, which combine to create a rich cultural tapestry. Religion is also a significant part of the culture, and Bhaktapur is home to many temples and religious sites that attract visitors from all over the world. The city also hosts numerous festivals and celebrations throughout the year, which offer a window into the vibrant cultural heritage of Bhaktapur.
Exciting Activities
Explore Bhaktapur Durbar Square
Bhaktapur Durbar Square is the main square of Bhaktapur and is home to many historic buildings, temples, and statues. The square is surrounded by ancient buildings and palaces, which showcase the city's rich history and culture. You can take a leisurely stroll around the square and marvel at the intricate carvings and architecture. Don't forget to visit the Golden Gate, which is the entrance to the 55-window palace and is adorned with intricate carvings.
Visit the Nyatapola Temple
Nyatapola Temple is a famous five-story temple located in Bhaktapur. The temple is dedicated to the goddess Siddhi Laxmi and is one of the tallest structures in the Kathmandu Valley. The temple's architecture is impressive, with steep steps leading up to each level. From the top of the temple, you can enjoy breathtaking views of the city.
Check out the Pottery Square
Pottery Square is a traditional pottery-making area in Bhaktapur. You can watch the potters at work and even try your hand at making a pottery piece. The pottery-making process is fascinating, and you can learn about the traditional techniques used by the potters. You can also buy some souvenirs made by the potters, such as cups, bowls, and vases.
Visit the Dattatreya Temple
Dattatreya Temple is an ancient temple dedicated to the Hindu god Dattatreya. The temple is believed to be over 600 years old and is one of the oldest temples in Bhaktapur. The temple's architecture is impressive, with intricate carvings and a pagoda-style roof. You can learn about the temple's history and significance from the temple priests.
Take a walk along the city walls
Bhaktapur is surrounded by a wall that was built in the 12th century. You can take a leisurely walk along the walls and enjoy the beautiful views of the city. The walls offer a panoramic view of the valley, and you can see the various temples and buildings from a different perspective. You can also visit the city gates and learn about the city's history and significance.
Visit the Bhaktapur Art Gallery
Bhaktapur Art Gallery is a small art gallery in Bhaktapur that features traditional Newari art and crafts. The gallery has a collection of paintings, sculptures, and crafts that showcase the city's artistic heritage. You can buy souvenirs and gifts to take back home.
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Encountering the Sacred: A Guide to Nepal's Must-Visit Shiva Temples
In this article, we will explore the five must-visit Shiva temples in Nepal. These temples, including Pashupatinath, Kumbeshwar, Gosaikunda, Baraha Chhetra, and Kirateshwar Mahadev, hold significant religious and mythological importance in the Hindu faith. Through a brief history and overview of each temple, we will delve into the spiritual significance of these sacred places.
Maha Shivaratri is a highly significant Hindu festival dedicated to Lord Shiva, the revered destroyer and transformer in the Hindu trinity. This deeply spiritual occasion is marked with great devotion and fervor as devotees engage in fasting and offer prayers to Lord Shiva throughout the night. In Nepal, Maha Shivaratri is celebrated with immense enthusiasm and is an occasion for pilgrimage to some of the most revered Shiva temples in the country. This article explores the five must-visit Shiva temples in Nepal, offering detailed information on their location, significance, and rich history.
l Pashupatinath Temple: Located on the banks of the Bagmati River in Kathmandu, the Pashupatinath Temple is one of the most sacred sites for Hindus. The temple dates back to the 5th century and is built in a pagoda style with a golden rooftop. It is believed to have been a center of worship since the earliest times of Hinduism in Nepal. The temple is dedicated to Lord Pashupatinath, an incarnation of Lord Shiva, and is one of the 12 Jyotirlingas of India. The temple complex includes more than 100 smaller temples and shrines, as well as a cremation site where Hindus perform the last rites for the deceased.
l Kumbeshwar Temple: Located in Patan, Lalitpur, the Kumbeshwar Temple is a Shiva temple that dates back to the 14th century. The temple is built in the traditional Newari style and is known for its intricate carvings and metalwork. It is believed to have been built by the Malla king Jayasthiti Malla and is one of the few temples in Nepal where the Shivaratri festival is celebrated for four days. The temple's main attraction is the golden water spout that pours water into the courtyard, which is said to have healing powers.
l Gosaikunda Temple: Situated at an altitude of 4,380 meters in the Langtang National Park, the Gosaikunda Temple is a high altitude lake and one of the most important pilgrimage sites for followers of the Hindu faith. The temple is named after the mythological story of Lord Shiva drinking the poison that turned his throat blue, and then going to the lake to cool down. The lake is surrounded by 108 smaller lakes and is believed to have been created by Lord Shiva. The lake is considered to be holy by both Hindus and Buddhists and is visited by thousands of devotees during the Maha Shivaratri festival.
l Baraha Chhetra Temple: Located in the Sunsari district of eastern Nepal, the Baraha Chhetra Temple is one of the most important Shiva temples in the region. The temple is believed to be the site where Lord Vishnu and Lord Shiva fought a battle to decide who was superior. Lord Vishnu transformed himself into a boar and Lord Shiva into a buffalo. The fight between the two resulted in the creation of a small pool of water, which is believed to have healing powers. The temple is visited by thousands of devotees every year, particularly during the Maha Shivaratri festival.
Kirateshwar Mahadev Temple: Located in the Jhapa district of southeastern Nepal, the Kirateshwar Mahadev Temple is an important pilgrimage site for devotees of Lord Shiva. It is believed to be the place where Lord Shiva appeared as a hunter and met the Pandavas during their exile. The temple is named after the Kiratas, a tribe that is believed to have lived in the area during ancient times. The temple is visited by thousands of devotees every year, particularly during the Maha Shivaratri festival. The temple also has a sacred pond known as the Raktakunda, which is believed to have healing powers.
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Kathmandu Valley- A Melting Pot of Architecture
Nepal, a land of natural beauty and cultural richness, has a diverse and fascinating architectural history.
From the traditional wooden houses of the Kathmandu valley to the grand palaces and temples of the Malla and Rana dynasties, the architecture of Nepal reflects the country's complex social, cultural, and religious heritage. Each architectural style has its own unique characteristics, reflecting the artistic and technical achievements of different eras.
One of the most distinctive styles of Nepalese architecture is traditional Nepalese architecture, also known as "Newari architecture." This style is characterized by the use of wooden and brick structures, with intricately carved wooden windows and doors. The temples and palaces of Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, and Patan are excellent examples of this style. For example, the Kathmandu Durbar Square, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is home to many traditional Nepalese buildings, including the Hanuman Dhoka Palace, which was the royal palace of the Malla and Shah dynasties, and the Taleju Temple, a Hindu temple dedicated to the goddess Taleju.
Another notable style of Nepalese architecture is Malla architecture, which developed during the Malla dynasty (1201-1769). This style is characterized by the use of stone and brick, as well as the use of intricate carvings and sculptures. The Pashupatinath Temple and Swayambhunath Stupa are examples of this style. The Pashupatinath Temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is one of the most sacred Hindu temples in the world and is known for its beautiful pagoda-style architecture and intricate carvings. The Swayambhunath Stupa, also known as the Monkey Temple, is a Buddhist stupa that is believed to have been built in the 5th century AD and features a unique combination of Tibetan and Nepalese architectural styles.
Rana architecture is another important architectural style in Nepal, which developed during the Rana dynasty (1846-1951). This style is characterized by the use of Victorian and European architectural elements. The Singha Durbar palace in Kathmandu is an example of this style, which was built by the Rana Prime Minister Chandra Shumsher JBR in 1908 and was used as the royal palace of the Rana dynasty. It is now used as the main administrative building of Nepal and showcases a mix of traditional and European architectural styles.
In addition to the Singha Durbar Palace, another notable example of Rana architecture is the Hotel Shanker. It is a luxury 4 star heritage hotel that stands on the grounds of what used to be a Rana era palace popularly known as Lazimpat Durbar. The hotel is a beautiful blend of traditional Nepalese and European architectural styles and features ornate wooden carvings, intricate brickwork, and a grand central courtyard. The hotel's architecture is an excellent example of the Rana dynasty's interest in blending traditional Nepalese and European architectural styles.
The hotel has been renovated and expanded over the years to accommodate the changing needs of its guests, but it has managed to retain its original architectural charm. The hotel's grand entrance, ornate balconies, and the intricate carvings on the wooden beams and columns are some of the features that make this hotel a perfect example of Rana architecture. The Hotel Shanker has played host to many prominent figures such as the British Royal Family, famous politicians and celebrities. The hotel is an iconic example of Rana architecture and a testament to the country's rich architectural heritage.
In addition to these styles, there are also many other architectural styles found in Nepal, such as the traditional houses and temples of the Kathmandu valley, the medieval architecture of the Kathmandu, Patan and Bhaktapur Durbar Squares, and the modern architecture of Kathmandu. Each of these styles has its own unique characteristics and tells a different story about the history, culture, and people of Nepal.
Overall, Nepal's architectural heritage is a testament to the country's rich cultural heritage and artistic achievements. From the traditional wooden houses of the Kathmandu valley to the grand palaces and temples of the Malla and Rana dynasties, the architecture of Nepal reflects the country's complex social, cultural, and religious heritage. These architectural styles are not only beautiful but also holds a great significance in the history of Nepal.
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Nepal: A Land of Diverse Celebrations
Nepal, a land of vibrant culture and traditions, where festivals are not just celebrations but a way of life. From the traditional Dashain to the colorful Holi, Nepal's festivals are a reflection of its rich history, religion and customs. A melting pot of diverse ethnic groups, these festivals bring people together, fostering a sense of community, tradition and unity.
Nestled between the towering Himalayas and the lush Terai plain, lies the small yet vibrant country of Nepal. Known for its diverse culture, Nepal is a melting pot of different ethnic groups and tribes, each with their own unique languages, customs, and traditions. From the traditional Sherpa culture in the mountains, to the vibrant Tharu culture in the Terai, Nepal's cultural landscape is as diverse as its geography. The country's varied topography, ranging from the Himalayas in the north to the flat Terai plain in the south, has played a big role in shaping its cultural diversity, with different ethnic groups adapting their culture to the local environment.
Nepal is a country with a rich history and culture, and this is reflected in the numerous festivals that are celebrated throughout the year. These festivals are an integral part of Nepal's cultural heritage and are deeply rooted in its history, religion, and tradition. They provide an opportunity for people to come together and celebrate their shared culture and heritage, and offer a glimpse into the country's rich history and customs.
Festivals are important in Nepal for several reasons:
l Cultural Preservation: Festivals are an important part of Nepal's cultural heritage and help to preserve the country's rich history, customs, and traditions. They provide an opportunity for people to come together and celebrate their shared culture and heritage.
l Social Unity: Festivals bring people together regardless of their religion, ethnicity, or social status. They provide a platform for people to connect with one another, build relationships and foster a sense of community.
l Religious Significance: Many festivals in Nepal have a religious significance and are an important part of the country's religious practices. They provide an opportunity for people to come together and offer prayers, perform religious rituals and seek blessings.
l Economic Boost: Festivals also provide an economic boost as they attract tourists, create jobs and generate income for local communities.
l Educational Value: Festivals also have an educational value as they offer a glimpse into Nepal's rich history, customs and traditions. They provide an opportunity for people to learn more about their culture and heritage, and also for visitors to learn about Nepal's culture.
l Tourist Attraction: Nepal's festivals are famous around the world and its festivals are one of the major attractions for tourists. It's a way to showcase the rich culture and diversity of Nepal.
One of the most famous festivals in Nepal is the Dashain festival, celebrated by the Hindu population. It is a time for families to come together and offer prayers to the goddess Durga, who is said to have defeated a powerful demon. The festival lasts for 15 days and is marked by the exchange of traditional gifts, the slaughter of animals, and the lighting of oil lamps.
Another popular festival is the Tihar festival, also known as the festival of lights. It is celebrated by the Hindu and Buddhist communities and is a five-day festival. During the festival, homes are decorated with oil lamps and rangolis, people offer prayers to the goddess Laxmi, and brothers put tika and jamara on their sisters forehead as a symbol of love and protection.
The festival of Teej is also celebrated with great enthusiasm, particularly by women. It's a festival of swing and it is celebrated by married and unmarried Hindu women. The women dressed in their traditional attire and they swing on decorated swings and sing and dance.
The festival of Holi is also an important festival in Nepal, celebrated by people of all ages and religions. It is a festival of colors and is celebrated to mark the end of winter and the arrival of spring. During the festival, people smear each other with colored powder and water, and feast on traditional foods.
These are just a few examples of the many festivals that are celebrated in Nepal. Each festival has its own significance and unique customs, reflecting the country's religious, cultural and social heritage. All the festivals are integral part of Nepal's culture and it reflects the unity in diversity.
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Buddhist Shrines to Visit in Nepal
Nepal has always been the centre of the Buddhist dharma. The borders of the current nation constitute the birth place of ‘The Light of Asia’ - Siddhartha Gautam also known as the Buddha. Nepal is also home to numerous other Buddha’s of the past who have blessed this land with the seeds of the Buddhist way of life. In this blog, we explore numerous Buddhist shrines that hold great value in the Buddhist doctrine for travellers, enthusiasts and pilgrims.
Buddhist shrines, also known as stupas, are sacred places of worship for followers of Buddhism. A stupa is a type of Buddhist monument that typically consists of a dome-shaped structure built to house sacred relics, such as the ashes of a deceased person or other religious artifacts. Stupas are found throughout the Buddhist world, and they are often seen as symbols of the Buddha's enlightenment and the teachings of Buddhism.
The design of a stupa can vary depending on the region and the specific cultural and architectural traditions of the place where it is located. However, many stupas feature several key elements, such as a central dome, a spire or umbrella-like structure on top, and a base with four sides that may be adorned with reliefs or other decorative elements. Stupas may also have a circumambulation path around the base, which is used for ritual circumambulation or "pradakhshina."
Buddhist shrines come in many different styles, reflecting the architectural and cultural traditions of the region in which they are located. Some must visit Buddhist Shrines in Nepal are as follows:
Lumbini
Lumbini is a famous Buddhist shrine in Nepal which is the birthplace of the Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama. It is a World Heritage site and attracts around 1.5 million visitors annually. Lumbini includes the Mayadevi Temple, Ashoka Pillar, and several foreign-funded monasteries, such as the Royal Thai Buddhist Monastery, Myanmar Golden Monastery, Zhong Hua Chinese Buddhist Monastery, and Vietnam Phat Quoc Tu Temple, which showcase different nations' architectural styles, histories, and traditions.
Swayambhu
Swayambhu Stupa is a significant Buddhist shrine in Nepal that originated from a lotus flower in the Kathmandu valley, according to legend. It was built in 460 by King Manadeva and is located on a hill in western Kathmandu. The complex houses chaityas, statues, and shrines of Buddhist and Hindu deities and is a World Heritage site. The stupa is also known for its beautiful views of Kathmandu.
Boudha
Bouddha is a popular Buddhist shrine located in Kathmandu and built in the 14th century by a Lichhavi king. It contains the relics of Kassapa Buddha, has a mandala-style construction, and is a World Heritage site. It has two wisdom eyes, a unity-symbolizing nose, and a 13-level spire representing the stages of achieving nirvana. The shrine also has prayer wheels that are said to purify karma and remove negative energy.
Ramagram
Ramgram is a significant Buddhist site located in Nawalparasi district. It is believed to contain one of the eight relics of the Buddha, which were divided after his death in Kushinagar, India. According to legend, Emperor Ashoka attempted to relocate the relics by dividing them into thousands of pieces and placing them in various stupas but was unable to open the one at Ramgram due to its protection by serpent kings. As a result, Ramgram is thought to be the only stupa still containing the relics of the Buddha and is a revered pilgrimage site for Buddhists.
Seto Gumba
Seto Gumba, also known as White Monastery or Druk Amitabha Mountain, is a famous Tibetan-style Buddhist monastery located on a hill in northwestern Kathmandu. It features murals, statues, and paintings and was closed for maintenance after the 2015 earthquake, but is now open to the public on Sundays. Seto Gumba, which stands at an altitude of 1,500 meters, offers beautiful views of the sunrise and sunset, and is a popular spot for photography and learning about Buddhism, meditation, and Tibetan architecture.
Namo Buddha
Namo Buddha is a holy Buddhist site located approximately 40 kilometers east of Kathmandu in Kavrepalanchok. It is home to the Thrangu Tashi Yangtse Tibetan Buddhist monastery, founded in the 20th century by the 9th Khenchen Thrangu Rinpoche. The site is also home to a stupa that is said to contain the remains of a prince who was an incarnation of the Buddha and later reincarnated as Siddhartha Gautama in Lumbini. The story of the prince dates back to the time of King Maharath and his three sons, one of whom offered himself as food to a hungry tigress and her cubs. Namo Buddha is a popular destination for pilgrimage and small hikes.
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Exploring Lalitpur
Historically known as Patan, the present city of Lalitpur is a stellar representation of cultural representation through the arts. Also known as Manigal, this city traces its roots to numerous states, such as Matirajya, Irshyarajya, and Dipavati were united in the Lichhavi Era to create this grandiose city.
Rarely do we discover places in the world that feature- living heritage. The cities of Lalitpur, Kathmandu, and Bhaktapur are great examples of living heritage. The iconic landmarks, temples, and monuments date back hundreds of years. The local population found a way to integrate these icons, temples, and monuments into their wheel of life and customs.
Tracing historical roots, the oldest settlement within the current boundaries is the kingdom of Dipavati. As per the chronicles, this city existed in the Satya Yuga. Dipavati means land where Dipankara Buddha had manifested himself. He is revered as a great enlightened mind born before Shakyamuni Buddha (Gautam Buddha).
The second oldest territory of this region is known as Matarajya. Matarajya was a flourishing kingdom that stretched southwards with its center around present-day Lagankhel. The greatest landmark of this kingdom– the Maitrajya Chaitya, stands tall to this day. Chronicles write of a great tale between two cities- Matirajya & Irshyarajya, the tale is as follows: "Once a certain man named Bhoja came to Visalnagara to become king. He heard of Vikramajit's greatness and wandered around boasting that he would do the same and that he was ready to sit on the lion's throne. At that moment, each of the thirty-two auspicious signs of the lion-throne turned into butterflies, told various stories of Vikramajit’s knowledge and dharma, and flew away. Despite this, King Bhoja insisted on seating himself on the lion throne. At that moment, the lion throne flew away on the path to heaven to reach its own place. Since, the king was hauthy, Navasagar-bhagvati fatefully became enraged in the middle of one night. She raised fire from the well in front of her and destroyed many people and animals throughout the night. The king and the people of Visalnagara were burnt and the city became desolate. Only small villages in Nepala survived. Among the people belonging to four castes, some went eastwards across the Manohara River and built their own houses. Some went southwards across the Vagmati River, formed together a small territory, named it Matarajya and lived there."
The above extract was taken from History of the Kings of Nepal, A Buddhist Chronicle which is an updated translation of the 19th-century Newar Chronicle compiled by Daniel Wright. Using historical markers and borrowed knowledge from other chronicles, Vishalnagara was the grand city created during the Lichhavi Era. The capital of this city is presumed to be Hadigaun. The current Bishalnagar got its name from this ancient city.
The third ancient settlement Irshyarajya was created by the survivors of the Vishalnagara fire who refused to live in Matarajya. “Some people, having seen those who built Matarajya and settled there said: “ We will not live in this place. The territory became known as Irsarajya since it was formed out of envy (irsa).”
A fourth historic settlement also exists but its origins are highly debated. The settlement of Imadva further east of Dipavati came into existence at the same time as Matarajya & Irsarajya. The origin of this settlement as per the Buddhist Chronicle is as follows, “In a similar way, some other Buddhists were in great confusion. They thought: This chaitya has been there since the time of Manjupattana City and it was not destroyed, even when Danasura blocked the water passage. Visalanagara has now been destroyed and no one has remained here any longer. It is neither possible to carry the caitya away, nor is it possible to make a living here. One night, the caitya ordered somebody in a dream: O devotee, a certain bird will come to rest on my parasol tomorrow morning. Then the bird takes off from the parasol and at the spot where it lands, you should stay. I, too, will come to stay there. The next morning, the Buddhists went to pay darsana to the caitya and found an eagle on its parasol, just as mentioned in the dream. They followed the eagle to the place where it landed. Some of them inhabited that place and established a chaitya by contemplating the chaitya image of Visalanagara. From that day on, the place has been known as Imadva. Since “eagle” (in Nevari) is ima and the spot was identified by it, the caitya was named Imadva Chaitya (“the chaitya at the Eagle-Mound”).
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Exploring Palpa - Part I
Palpa, once an independent Magar Kingdom famous for its forges, became a hub in the south for Newars. The famous “Dhaka Topi” was born here amongst the various Dhaka patterns fabricated by the expert weavers of Palpa. It is a destination with facets and has widely contributed to the formation of the Nepali identity.
Palpa is a beautiful hill station in the Lumbini Province of Nepal. It is a great destination to add to your tour of the southern cities of Nepal. If you’re making a trip to Lumbini, stop by Palpa to witness the age of Newari architecture and culture, which migrated to this once-Magar village thousands of years ago.
About Palpa
Province: Lumbini
Distance from Kathmandu: 273.7 km
Accessibility:
By Road: 8 hours and 14 minutes
By Air: Land at Gautam Buddha International Airport in Bhairahawa and drive 2 hours and 24 minutes to reach Palpa region
Attractions: Argeli Palace, Rambha Devi Temple, Ranighat Palace (Ranimahal), Rishikesh Complex, Tansen Bazzar, Bhairabsthan Temple (Tansen Bhairab), Shrinagar Hill, Tansen Durbar
Travel Season: Throughout the year
The region of Palpa has much to offer in multiple genres of tourism. The potential of this region as a religious site along with sightseeing and cultural tourism is strong. The central attraction of this place is the hill station of Tansen. In 2008 AD, UNESCO added this area to its tentative list for World Heritage in the cultural category.
The whole of Palpa has a strong note of Magar culture, but there is Newar influence in multiple locales. The souvenir of this region has always been Palpali Dhaka. It is a unique cloth produced by the local Newars. One of the most famous landmarks is the “Golghar”, an octagonal pavilion in the middle of Sitalpati, the main market square. Srinagar hill is a popular viewpoint that offers a beautiful panorama of the high Himalayas. Peaks such as Dhaulagiri, Tukuche, Nilgiri, Annapurna, Himchuli and others are visible on a clear day.
The unique fusion of Palpa makes it a great destination. It offers something for all genre of travellers, which has always been its greatest strength. Exploring the core settlements of Tansen at times makes you feel like you are in Kathmandu due to the strong influence of Newar culture.
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The Dance of Nayata Bhulu Ajima - A Sacred Dance Part II
In ancient times, the ajima’s were regarded the ultimate protectors of the valley. They were strategicallly placed in cardinal points along with military infrastructre to ensure the cities protection from both physcial and supernatural forces. Amongst, the mother goddesses of Kathmandu is Nyata Bhulu Ajiima.
In the previous blog, we looked into various historical elements of Nayata Maru Ajima and the legends surrounding her origin. The iconic 12-year presentation was conducted this year by the Management Committee.
The dance and skit were presented in Trishul Chowk inside the Hanuman Dhoka Palace by the Nardevi Shweta Kali Conservation and Management Committee. Even though the dance is performed annually, the 12-year presentation is unique. It features godly characters who had only passive/dormant roles in the yearly rituals.
The most iconic of all is Su:tha Maju. Su:tha means morning, and Maju means mother in Nepal Bhasa. As per ritualistic traditions, the performances for the day only begin after she (Su:tha Maju) performs at the break of dawn. Locals state that even though Su:tha Maju, commonly referred to as Lokeshwor, is revered in the Buddhist community, the tradition binds all religions, faith and ideals found in this valley. Elders state how the manifestation of Su:tha Maju is an avatar of Nyata Maru Ajima.
The dance and skit last for four days in total. For two days, the artists perform at Trishul Chowk inside the main palace complex of Hanuman Dhoka. The remaining two days are at the open-air stage (Dabali) adjacent to the Gadhi Baithak, in front of Kumari Chhen (House).
Each character presents their opening, followed by the skit of Chandeshwari. The story summarized is as follows- Chandashur Daitya is a powerful demon. He is strong, mighty and fearless. The daitya (demon) falls in love with Chandi- the daughter of Nyata Bhulu Ajima. Ajima learns of this unholy union and tries their best to persuade her daughter. It seemed like nothing worked, but she created a powerful potion to intoxicate and hypnotize her daughter. In her influenced state, she turns on her lover- the daitya. She trades her sword with her mother and delivers a lethal blow killing the demon. After that day, Chandi was known as Chandeshwari- the slayer of Chandashur.
The 12-year celebration features special pujas at the mother goddess temples of Kathmandu valley. The mother goddesses featured in the dance and skit of Nayata Maru Ajima are found in its sister cities as well. These mother goddesses protect the kingdom from supernatural evil and create a tantric shield around the city. Most were established during the Lichhavi Era, and the custom of establishing an army camp or military facility near these goddesses continued till the Mala Era. An example of this can only be seen at Lumadi Ajima, today known as Bhadrakali.
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10 Essential Things To Do In Kathmandu Valley - Part II
The valley- is an astonishing amalgam of religions, culture and heritage. It isn’t just the political centre point of our nation but also the melting pot where you can discover the country through one beautiful melting pot.
In the previous article, we mentioned visiting the Hanuman Dhoka Palace Museum and hunting down UNESCO World Heritage sites of the valley. In this part, we shall explore more activities.
3. Visit Chandragiri
Chandragiri is a popular hill station in Kathmandu Valley. Before the gondola transportation system, this region was under the radar. This point is a great vantage to see the valley basin. It also has historical significance.
The hills are 16 km from central Kathmandu. A drive or ride would face South-West. It is situated at an altitude of 2551 metres, making it the second highest hill point in the valley after Shivapuri at 2732m. The last two hills are Pulchhowki at 2695m and Nagarjun at 2095m.
If a gondola isn’t your cup of tea, you can hike, drive or ride to reach the top. The trip would be nothing short of an adventure as the terrain is uneven and rocky.
From the highest point in Chandragiri, depending upon the season, you can see numerous peaks of the Himalayan Range. During perfect weather, you can even see Mount Everest.
4. Indulge in the local cuisine
A diverse cultural scene equals culinary diversity. The melting pot of Kathmandu Valley has establishments that serve numerous ethnic cuisines. Even though it might seem like fast food and Newari cuisine dominate the landscape, it is not true. With a bit of research, you can create a beautiful culinary exploration map to try mouth-watering delicacies.
Two regional cuisines are dominant- Thakali & Newari. Thakali flavours are from Western Nepal, and their staple dish is a divine Thali.
The second cuisine is of the indigenous inhabits of the Kathmandu Valley- The Newars! Their stride in the crafts can be seen in the iconic squares, whereas their exceptional choice of taste is visible in their assortment of dishes.
The Newar cuisine represents the migratory roots of the Newar people. Multiple ingredients were brought to this valley by merchant families during their trade adventure. Some dishes are similar to out neighbour nations. However the Newar touch makes the version available in the valley unique.
Other ethnic groups as Rai, Tamang, Sherpa have their eateries set up in this valley. They stride to serve you an authentic taste using native ingredients and spices.
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Exploring The Unexplored - Part III
So much is yet to be explored! A humble nation, traversed by thousands over time, still has so many new places to be discovered? There are many facets of existing popular destinations that have never seen the light of day. Let us look at a few places to explore, shall we?
Panauti
Province: Bagmati
Distance from Kathmandu: 32 km
Accessibility: Land at TIA (Tribhuvan International Airport) and take a 1.5 hour bus ride along Araniko Highway
Attractions: Well preserved traditional Newar architecture, Indreshwar Mahadev Temple, Brahmayani Temple, Tindhare Waterfall, Old Bazzar
When we think of the Newar culture; and their dominion, the valley kingdoms of Lalitpur, Kathmandu (Kantipur) and Bhaktapur come to mind. But, they aren't the only cities that feature a sizeable population of this ethnic community that once dominated the landscape of this region. Cities such as Panauti, Bandipur, Kirtipur, Bhimphedi, Banepa, Nuwakot and Palpa also feature brilliant examples of Newari culture and lifestyle.
Panauti was once a flourishing kingdom. It was a trading hub in Tibet and India's ancient Salt Trade Route. Historically, this region was a small state. As per historical findings, the settlement was created by King Ananda Malla.
“This younger brother (Ananda Malla) being very generous and wise, gave up the sovereingty over the two cities, and having invoked Annapurna Devi from Kasi founded a city of 12,000 houses which he named Bhaktapur(Bhatgaon) and included sixty small village in his territory.After this, the Raja having obtained the favour and directions of Chandeswari, founded seven towns; viz. Banepur(Banepa) near Chandeswari Pitha, Panavati(Panauti), near the Pragaya TIrtha of Nepal, celebrated in the Shastras on the site where Panchala-des formely stood, Nala, near Nala Bhagavati, Dhaukhle near Narayana; Khapu near Dhaneswaril Chaukot near the residence of Chankora Rishi; Sanga near Nasika Pitha.”
Wright 1877: 163
Later, during the reign of King Bhupatindra Malla, the state was presented his passed on to his sister as dowry (offerings given by the bride's side during marriage). Panauti is a city of great historical significance. As per chronicles and historical findings, this region was where the Panchala-desh once stood. Panchala was one of sixteen mahajanapadas (states) of the Indian subcontinent. Characters of Mahabharata such as Draupadi, Drupada, Satyajit, and Sage Dhaumya are said to be natives of Panchala.
Panauti is an example of what the entire valley once looked like once. The city is stagnant today like many other once trading hubs of the ancient salt route. This stagnation helped preserve the historicity of the city and its architecture.
Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve
Provinces: 1 & 2 ( Madesh Province)
Distance from Kathmandu:
Accessibility
By Road: 8.5 hour bus ride (338.6km) via B.P Highway & East-West Highway, Daily buses (Day & Night) service from Kathmandu to Kakarbhitta and Biratnagar, visitors shpuld disembark at Jamuha and walk 2.5 km to the reserve head quarter.
By Air: 35 minute plain ride from Kathmandu to Biratnagar then a 1.5 hour bus ride
Attractions: Sapta Koshi River, last surviving population of wild buffalo, fauna species such as hog dee, wild deer, spotted deer, blue bull and rock python, panoramic views of Himalayan peaks including Makalu (8643m), 441 species of birds (14 endemic)
Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve KTWR) is a marvellous example of conservation at its finest. Originally this area was announced as a Hunting Reserve in 1969 with a total area of 12 km2. In 1976, the reserve area was enlarged to 65 km2. A third phase extension was conducted in 1980 to feature the present total area of 175 km2.
When we think of the conservation area projects in Nepal- the eastern flank is highly reclusive. Due to ineffective development of transportation and lack of adequate promotion compared to its western siblings are less traversed.
KTWR is the last habitat for Babalus arnee, also known as Wild Buffalo or Arna in the Nepalese language. It is also the habitat for 14 endemic species of birds that thrive in this wetland. This area has thee distinct seasons- Summer (February through May), which is very hot with minimal precipitation. The monsoon beings in late May/early June and lasts till September. The monsoon features intense flooding of the region. Winter beings in October and lasts till January. Even this season features moderate temperature, it can get cold sometimes.
The last time KTWR came into the spotlight was when Gangetic dolphin's were spotted in the lake system. The reserve is home to the endangered Gharial crocodile and is the perfect habitat for various migratory birds.
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The Jewels of Province 2
Province 2, also known as Madhesh Province, is a majestic gem. It is home to numerous destinations that have both regional and national importance. The population of this province is southern ethnicities and Madeshi castes. A few highlights of this area are Parsa National Park, Janaki Temple and Gadhimai Temple.
The word Madhesh is derived from Sanskrit and means madhya desh (middle country). This title was used to identify the land in the middle of the Himalayas and the Vidhya mountains. In Modern Nepal, the word is used to describe the Terai region (land south of Siwalik Hills). The province features 20 large cities and towns. Amongst them, the largest is in Birgunj, with a population of 240,922. Second on the list is Janakpur, with 159,468.
The terrain in this region has minimal difficulties. It is the only province with a passenger railway line in Nepal. In terms of road connectivity, the main link is the Mahendra Highway. Also known as the East-West Highway of Nepal. This highway crosses through multiple areas of the province. The Tribhuvan Highway begins at Birgunj but doesn't have a large footprint as the Mahendra Highway. Other highways that link to this region are BP Highway, Birendra Highway and Postal Highway.
The region features 3 domestic airports:
A. Rajbiraj Airport
B. Janakpur Airport
C. Simara Airport
Nepal's largest international airport, Nijgadh International Airport, is currently under construction in this region.
45.36% of the population speak in Maithali. Bhojpuri and Bajjika are spoken by 18.59% and 14.68% of the population. The national language, Nepali, is spoken by only 6.56%. In terms of religion, 84.75% of the population is Hindu. 11.55% are Islam, and 3.01% are Buddhist.
In terms of tourism, province 2 has 26,092 individuals tourism workers. The majority of the popular destinations in this region are religious. There are no UNESCO World Heritage sites in this province, but Parsa National Park and Janaki Temple are two sites of great national interest.
Janaki Temple
Queen Virsha Bhanu of Tikamgarh built the temple in 1910 AD. The local name of this temple is Nau Lakha Mandir. Nau Lakha means 9 lakhs.
It is said that the construction cost was about the same amount. The temple was built on a holy site. As per legends, King Janak (Seeradhwaj) performed the worship of Shiva-Dhanus on this site. In 1657, a golden statue of Goddess Sita was found at this spot. Some historians state that Sita's home once stood here. Sannyasi (Saint) Shurkishordas is credited for discovering the golden image. He is also hailed as the founder of modern Janakpur.
Janaki Temple sees an influx of pilgrims, especially during Ram Navami, Vivaha Panchami, Dashain and Tihar. During other times of the year, traffic is very minimal. The majority of the pilgrims are from Nepal, India and Sri Lanka.
Parsa National Park
PNP is the 12th national park of Nepal. It spans two provinces (Madesh Province and Bagmati Province). The park's western boundary is Chitwan National Park, Makwanpur to its north, Bara to its east and Parsa and Valmiki Tiger Reserve to the south.
Initially, the area was protected as a wildlife reserve in 1984 AD. The aim was to preserve the habitat of the Asian Wild Elephant (Elephas maximus) and the remaining Char-Khose-Jhadi. In 2015 AD, 128.39 km2 of Bara district was incorporated into the reserve. In 2017 AD, the status of the demarcated area was raised to National Park.
The current land size of this park is 639 km2. The major attractions of this park are:
A. Royal Bengal Tiger
B. Bison
C. One-horned Rhinoceros
D. Wild Dog
E. 490 species of birds
F. Common Leopard
The best time of the year to visit PNP is during winter. The locals are permitted to cut the thatch grass during this reason, thus increasing visible range. This time of the year is optimal to view wildlife. For bird watching the months of February, April, September and November are best. Various species of migratory birds join the residential birds creating a spender view. The park management have built various view towers for enthusiasts to site wild elephants and tigers. There are also 3 elephant camps located respectively at Amlekhgunj, Partapur and Gaduwaline. Numerous providers offer jungle drives and elephant rides.
This trek is specially designed to reach the Everest Base Camp including Kala Pattar which is the best view point to view the sunrise over the high Himalayas including the Mt. Everest. This trek requires 13 days.
USD 1515 PER PERSON -- TWIN ROOM SHARING BASIS